Some Types of Parallelism in the Psalms. The Hebrew poem. Synthetic Parallelism---The theme is worked up by the building of thought upon similar thought: (a) Mightier than the voices of many waters, Mightier than the breakers of the ocean In the high place is Jahweh. Psalm 1 Parallelism "I urge you to ... Psalm 51. Psalm 95. Number Parallelism in the Hebrew Scriptures The primary example of parallelism under consideration in this study concerns the number sequence n/n+1. However, in verse 7, King David asks the protagonist to “wash him, and [he] shall be whiter than snow”. In the last post, we entered into the realm of Hebrew poetry, and specifically into parallelism. People who read the Psalms (the most quoted book in the New Testament) — like Benedictine oblates and other who pray or sing the divine office — spend a lot of time with the Psalms. Some might include question-answer, proposition-conclusion, or situation-consequence. Psalm 150. The first and second lines bear some definite relation to each other (such as cause and effect, or proposition and conclusion) b. Psalm 57:6. For instance, a well-known parallelism appears in Psalm 51:2: "Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin." For example, Psalm 119:1-8 is the aleph section and each line begins with aleph. Psalm 1:6 (Notice in this verse that the thoughts from the first line are reversed in the second line. Biblical poetry is structured on parallel lines of poetry, much as poetry today is structured by meter and/or line length. Richard T. Ritenbaugh “He will not let your foot slip; he who watches over you will not slumber” (Psalm 121:3). The relationship is supplementary. Synthetic Parallelism. Synthetic parallelism a. Alphabetic or acrostic Psalms. As devotional readings, the Psalms provide consolation, instruction, inspiration and perhaps motivation. SYNTHETIC PARALLELISM. In synthetic parallelism the second line develops further the idea of the first line. Keep your heart with all diligence, For out of it spring the issues of life (Prov. Parallelism in Psalms. Boling, R. 1960. Psalm 121. Psalm 111. Synthetic Parallelism Synthetic parallelism is where the second line completes or compliments the thought of the first. Wash away all my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin. For example: ‘For fire went out from Heshbon, flame from the city of Sihon’ (Numbers 21: 28). Parallelism: pairing of a line with one or more lines that are linguistically equivalent. The Psalms are replete with examples of this poetic device, beginning with the opening of Psalm 1: 1. Psalm 119 has each section divided according to letter. --Ps., xcii, 4 (Hebrew, xciii). They have prepared a net for my steps — In which to take me, that I might not again escape out of their hands. In the case of Psalms 46 verse 1(enable Parallelism), you have two lowercase "a" letter and when your cursor hovers over the "a" it indicates it is Synonymous. A prayer about things gone wrong —a “prayer request” psalm. The majority of Psalm 51 is candid supplication, there aren’t many metaphors or analogies. Lament: A petition for help in affliction. A good example is Ps 119:11 1) "Your word I have hidden in my heart," (cause) 2) "That I might not sin against You." 5. JSS 5: 221–55. But when you come to verse 2 within it's parallel unit and you hover over it's lowercase letters it indicates it is Synthetic; and it's lowercase letters are "abbccbc". (note the contrast) Synthetic parallelism - The first and second lines bear some definite relation to each other (such as cause and effect, or proposition ... - These are psalms expressing sorrow for sins that have been committed. Psalm 110. “As a father has compassion on his children, so the Lord has compassion on those who fear him” (Psalm 103:13). Complete Parallelism. Hebrew parallelism in the Psalms explained with examples. In this kind of parallelism the second half of the verse expands or develops the thought of the first half. Psalms Old Testament Hebrew Poetry Bible Study Hebrew Poetry parallelism. Paronomasi i den aldre hebreiska Maschallitteraturen med sarskild hansyn till Proverbia. Synonymous parallelism is one of many different parallelism devices used in Hebrew poetry, each catalogued by Robert Lowth, an eighteenth century Anglican bishop. . Read Psalm 51 at Bible Gateway.. 1a) Psa 51:1-9, What the Lord desires when we sin: our truthful confession of wrongdoing + plea for mercy: 1a) Psa 51:1, Have mercy upon me, O God/ Blot out my transgressions; 1a) Psa 51:1a, Have mercy upon me, O God; This is essentially what parallelism in poetry is, but I have found that it goes much further than that – much further. Interestingly enough, the original discovery of parallelism made by Lowth in 1753 remains, with some refinements, the only certain distinctive technique of Hebrew poetry. These poetic structures can also be found in the New Testament, and one such example can be found in St. John 6: 50 – 51. Nor chasten me in your displeasure." Parallelism is simply the device of saying the same things in two ways. Psalm 96. Lund. The third category, “synthetic,” became sort of a catch-all for what would not fit the others. Synthetic Parallelism. And in the striking of the bell for the time of day — each additional hour's bong is like stair-step parallelism for the day until the new day begins. Psalm 51, titled Miserere mei, Deus, is simply “Have mercy on me, O God” in Latin. What is the literary device of synthetic parallelism used in Hebrew poetry? As you read the Psalms you are reading that which came deep from the hearts of men. Psalm 29:1; 96:7 are examples. When the prophet Nathan came to him after David had committed adultery with Bathsheba. External parallelism can also "accumulate" in a chiastic or "ring" structure that may include many verses. (b) Know ye that Jahweh he is the Lord, He hath made us; his we are; 23:1). Every single term or thought unit in one line is parallel to an equivalent term or unit in the other line. EMBLEMATIC PARALLELISM Many of the proverbs of Solomon also follow this form, for example, "Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall" (Proverbs 16:18). My soul is bowed down — Hebrew, כפ Š נפשׁי, he hath bowed down my soul; referring to Saul at the head of his troops, pursuing David to his ruin. These fixed forms abound in the Christian Scriptures — both Old and New Testaments. Quantitative rhythm In these psalms each line begins with a letter of the alphabet in order from aleph (the first Hebrew letter) to tav (the last Hebrew letter). Synthetic Parallelism. In his book Reflections on the Psalms, C. S. Lewis gives a quick definition of parallelism as: “the practice of saying twice the same thing in different words”. Psalm 51 - For the director of music. Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love; according to your great compassion blot out my transgressions. 4:23). Parallelism is found throughout the poetry of the Old Testament, and then especially in the Psalms. The feature of biblical poetry, described by modern scholars, who were anticipated by Abraham Ibn Ezra and Kimhi in the Middle Ages, in which the same idea is repeated for effect in different words. Lowth assigns numerical patterns to the synthetic category while others have identified them as a sub-category of synonymous parallelism, namely “number parallelism.” While Lowth sees “great variety in the form of the synonymous parallelism” (262) , he assigns numerical patterns, an example of which he cites Psalm 62.12, to the category of synthetic parallelism. In the 18th century, the Anglican bishop, Robert Lowth, in his lectures “On the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews” (published in 1753) argued that there were three types of Hebrew parallelism: synonymous parallelism, antithetical parallelism, and synthetic or constructive parallelism. 4. Bloomington, IN. For I know my transgressions, and my sin is always before me. Psalm 116. Wisdom Psalm: A psalm written to instruct us in God’s ways. Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. Understanding poetic devices creates a greater depth to reading the Wisdom books (Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon) and the Major and Minor Prophets in the Old Testament. Below I have broken down Psalm 19.7-9, one of the longest and most intricate examples of synonymous parallelism in Psalms.

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