The Māori Story of Kupe and Te Wheke The story of Te Wheke as told by Michael Elkington When stories where told to us we were always encouraged to seek out other versions, to gain an understanding, or see the events from another point-of-view. While stories differ from region to region, according to tradition, Kupe’s voyage across the Pacific Ocean was due to his pursuit of a great octopus that was troubling his homeland of Hawaiki (Tahiti). Our ancestor, Kupe’s arrival to Te-Hokianga-nui-ā-Kupe, the Hokianga Harbour, around 950 years ago marked the beginning of our nation’s human story. They lost a child, Totoko, at sea. However, in some versions he travelled as far south as Arahura on the South Island’s West Coast, and to the Coromandel Peninsula. At this point in the story, Grey inserts the story of the killing of the octopus Te Wheke-a-Muturangi. Kupe was involved in the formation of New Zealand (from Māui's fish). A reference to Kupe occurs in a version of the legend of Māui fishing up the North Island, recorded in 1841 by Catherin Servant, a Marist missionary. Kupe was a rangatira, a great fisherman who lived in Hawaiiki. His journey there was triggered by difficulties with fishing in Hawaiki, his homeland. It was made by students under the guidance of Mr Fred Graham, the foundation HOD Art. Since 2000, the bronze statue has been installed at the Wellington Waterfront.[34]. Kupe was skilled at building carved houses, adzing out canoes, and other crafts of the land. The names translate as Kupe Earth, Kupe Sky, and Kupe Heart. Patupaiarehe, tÅ«rehu and other inhabitants, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand Licence. A $4.6 million Provincial Growth Fund investment into the iwi-based enterprise has assisted in opening another pathway of employment and economic development into one of the country’s most significant regions. A tradition collected before 1855 from an unknown author names Kupe's home island as Wawauatea. His canoe was named Mataho(u)rua; Kupe was associated with Turi as his contemporary. Kupe was and is known, in the traditions of the Hokianga, Waikato, East Coast and South Island: but the genealogies given did not tally with those given by S. Percy Smith. While some of the names from other ancestors have been lost, those associated with Kupe seem to have endured. These were designed and made by F3 students in 1981 under the guidance of Mrs Gray. He leads the Māori in Civilization VI: Gathering Storm. The design was influenced by Mr Graham's year in North America. In addition, according to legends of the Whanganui and Taranaki regions Kupe was a contemporary of Turi of the Aotea canoe. B.G. Other Ngāti Kahungunu traditions, very similar to this, are given in a manuscript translated in, Simmons cites Rev. Taputapu-ātea and Te Whitianga-o-Kupe, for example, commemorate Kupe’s time in Hauraki. He replied, 'I preferred the warm breast to the cold one, the new land to the old land long forsaken'. 120:2. This documentary follows Northland building contractor Hekenukumai 'Hector' Busby, as he leads the construction of a waka hourua (double-hulled canoe), then retraces Kupe's course across the Pacific, back to Rarotonga. It was not until 1642 that Europeans became awarethe country existed. Simmons cites Kamira Manuscript Book No. It is said that his wife, Kuramārōtini, devised the name of Ao-tea-roa (‘long white cloud’) on seeing the North Island for the first time. Māui's hook, made from the jawbone of his eldest son, catches in the gable of the house of Nukutawhiti, Kupe's wife. Kupe was an early Pacific navigator of exceptional mana, skill and knowledge. The contention turns on the authenticity of later versions of the legends, the so-called 'orthodox' versions closely associated with S. Percy Smith and Hoani Te Whatahoro Jury. A later manuscript from the same area was published in the Journal of the Polynesian Society (Biggs 1957). A spectacular 20 minute production across five giant screens, with thrilling 4D effects, your local guides present Hokianga history and traditions on an epic scale. As with many important traditions, there are several versions, particularly in the Cook Strait region and in the north. Kupe provides a unique style of gameplay where the player, rather than beginning their civilization on land, begins in the ocean and must find a coast on which to settle. According to the story, Kupe’s wife, Kuramārōtini, named the land Aotearoa after sighting clouds in the distance (the indigenous name for New Zealand meaning “long white cloud”). In an account by Ngāpuhi elder Himiona Kāmira, describing Kupe’s return to Hawaiki from Hokianga. Kupe arrives, lives at Hokianga, and returns to Wawauatea, his homeland, leaving certain signs and marks of his visit (Simmons 1976:34). The Rangitāne people live on both sides of. 4 of the Memoirs of the Polynesian Society, pp. But apparently in the “orthodox” version of the story of Kupe, he left his cousin named Hoturapa, to drown while they went on a fishing expedition, and he kidnapped his wife named Kuramarotini and with her, they fled off in her great canoe to Matawhourua. Here his two birds, which he had brought from Hawaiki, set off to the South Island to survey the new lands. Kupe's anchor stone. The sources in detail: Whanganui-Taranaki traditions can be summarised as: Kupe came looking for his wife who had been abducted by (H)oturapa. doi:10.1038/ncomms6436. One, a cormorant named Te Kawau-a-Toru, becomes ensnared at Te Aumiti, a narrow stretch of water off Rangitoto ki te Tonga (D’Urville Island): The breaking of the wing formed the passage (now known as French Pass) through which vessels can sail, while the unharmed wing remains an obstruction. Unlike the attested tribal traditions about Kupe recorded before Smith and Jury, the orthodox version is precise in terms of dates and in offering place names in Polynesia where Kupe is supposed to have lived or departed from. He lived at Hokianga until he returned home. This was designed to enhance the Kupe environment. The legend begins in Hawaiki where a tohunga (priest) named Muturangi was banished by villagers to a lonely side of their island. That is, he left these items and they turned to stone. Hokianga was his final destination before Kupe’s departure back to Hawaiiki. Biggs, ‘Kupe, Na Himiona Kaamira, o Te Rarawa’, D.R. A song collected from the Ngāti Toa war leader Te Rauparaha in 1847 refers to Kupe as the ‘man who sliced up the land; Kapiti stands away, Mana stands away, Arapaoa stands separated. Various legends and histories describe Kupe as being involved with the Polynesian discovery of Aotearoa (New Zealand), around 1300 CE;[1] however, the details differ from iwi to iwi. a cloud!). Nature Communications. A 100 feet (30 m) frieze depicted the progress of New Zealand, groupings of pioneers, lions in Art Deco style, a large fountain and a figure of Kupe standing on the prow of his canoe were produced for the centennial exhibition. The original Polynesian settlers discovered the country on deliberate voyages of exploration, navigating by making use of prevailing winds and ocean currents, and observing the stars. It is often referred to as Maungaroa, a reference to the source of the stone in Rarotonga. Kupe named many localities including Arapāoa, Mana, the islands Matiu (Somes Island) and Mākaro in the Wellington region, Kohukohu, Pouahi, Maungataniwha and Hokianga in the north. Kupe Kupe was a 10th-century figure who, according to some sources of Māori oral history and tradition, discovered and first settled the island of Aotearoa, nowadays New Zealand. When the moon and tides were right, the fishermen The wheke was the pet of Muturangi, a tohunga (ritual expert) from Hawaiki. To escape punishment for the murder, Kupe and Kura fled in Matahourua and discovered a land he called Aotearoa ('land of the long-white-cloud'). 9, p. 259, but gives no date. Kupe encountered rough seas on his journey. To learn more about Kupe’s amazing adventures around Te Ūpoko o te Ika (Wellington), check out Te Haerenga o Kupe. These names have been preserved by generations of Māori people settling the regions. Simmons, 'The Great New Zealand Myth', This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 17:07. He ao!" Like Māui before him, Kupe’s arrival is a foothold in the land for Māori. The centre tells the story of Polynesian explorer Kupe, who discovered New Zealand more than 1000 years ago and his life-long connection to Hokianga from a Ngāpuhi perspective. No other canoes are mentioned in connection with him. With a companion known as Ngake (or Ngahue) in another canoe called Tāwhirirangi, he pursued the creature all the way to Cook Strait (known as Raukawakawa), where it was finally destroyed. Tainui traditions about Kupe can be summarised as: Kupe stole Hoturapa's wife or wives; came to New Zealand and cut up the land; raised rough seas; and went away again. New Zealand has a shorter human history than any other country. of Kupe to accomplish this undertaking! The Kupe Fountain. ^ Bunce, Michael; Beavan, Nancy R.; Oskam, Charlotte L.; Jacomb, Christopher; Allentoft, Morten E.; Holdaway, Richard N. (2014-11-07). In this version it is not made clear who Tuputupuwhenua was. As with many important traditions, there are several versions, particularly in the Cook Strait region and in the north. The nationally significant centre will bring a growing number of visitors and local jobs to its remote region in Hokianga, Northland. Many Māori iwi (tribes) believe that Kupe was the first Polynesian to arrive in Aotearoa (New Zealand) about 1,000 years ago. Simmons cites A. Taonui, manuscript in Auckland Museum Library, Graham Collection, no. "[32], William Trethewey produced the statuary for the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition that was held in 1939/40 in Rongotai, Wellington. Kupe - Voyaging by the Stars - According to Māori legend Aotearoa was found by the explorer Kupe, chasing an octopus from Ra'iatea, Tahiti. The octopus story is known, but the creature is not named. 6, p 110, MS, Auckland City Library. One, a cormorant named Te Kawau-a-Toru, becomes ensnared at Te Aumiti, a narrow stret… The arrival of Kupe is of great importance, and many tribes are at pains to cite a relationship to him. The navigator credited in some tradition… Kupe was living at his home in Motu-tapu (Sacred Island), 2 which place is right at the mouth by which the river called Awa-nui-a-rangi (Great river of heaven), in Hawaiki-rangi (Hawaiki of heaven), reaches the sea. On arrival in Aotearoa, Tuhirangi… Apparently the problem was a great octopus belonging to Kupe’s competitor, Muturangi. An 1893 account by Te Whetu of Ngāti Raukawa, who was familiar with Rangitāne traditions. The Great New Zealand Myth was just that". "When Kupe, the first discoverer of New Zealand, first came in sight of the land, his wife cried, 'He ao! These are the signs of my ancestor, of Kupe, who explored Titapua’ (Simmons 1976:21–22). A tradition of the Ngāti Te Ata tribe, also dated 1842, and also from the South Manukau area (Simmons 1976:21). Now the above story explains why Kupe, Ngake, and their companions crossed the wide ocean and discovered this country of Aotea-roa. He left his cousin Hoturapa to drown during a fishing expedition and kidnapped his wife, Kuramarotini, with whom he fled in her great canoe Matawhourua. In a tradition collected from Wiremu Tīpene Pōkaiatua of Manawapou in 1854 (Simmons 1976:23–24), In a legend from a manuscript by Piri Kawau of Āti Awa and dated approximately 1854 (Simmons 1976:24). Microfilm. From the LEARNZ "Matariki and Navigation - Kupe, Cook and Today" virtual field trip. W Here his two birds, which he had brought from Hawaiki, set off to the South Island to survey the new lands. (DU:Ho), from an original in the Marist Archives, Rome. 'Goblins' and 'fairies' represent an attempt by the original translators to render the names of various spiritual or quasi-spiritual beings given the lack of appropriate terms in English. Kupe is a legendary figure that features prominently in the mythology and oral history of some Māori iwi (tribes). Great Barrier Island was therefore named Aotea (white cloud), and the long mainland Aotearoa (long white cloud). Kupe's children, wife, and other whānau members stayed at Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington), to gather supplies and to keep safe from what Kupe knew would be a fierce sea battle. Kupe cut up the land, and he was a brother of Ngake. The Kupe theatre is a multi-dimensional experience, bringing the voyage of Kupe onto a larger-than-life immersive stage. Hoani Timo wrote a manuscript in 1855 in which 'Kupe came in former times – he was the husband of Peketahi; they crossed over from the other side' (of the sea). Learned men of the same tribe make no mention of this story and there are no waiata[4] celebrating their deeds. Manea – Footprints of Kupe is the fruition of a 20-year dream of our people, to share our story with Aotearoa, New Zealand, and the world. Hokianga’s newest cultural, tourism and education hub aims to employ 17 full-time employees while bringing the stories of Kupe to life. "An extremely low-density human population exterminated New Zealand moa". Polynesian 'goblins' and 'fairies' tend to be much scarier entities than English ones. Here are some of the accounts from this area: The few references to Kupe in South Island sources indicate that the traditions are substantially the same as those of Ngāti Kahungunu, with whom Ngāi Tahu, the main tribe of the South Island, had strong genealogical and trading links (Simmons 1976:34). Te AhukaramÅ« Charles Royal, 'First peoples in Māori tradition - Kupe', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/first-peoples-in-maori-tradition/page-6 (accessed 14 February 2021), Story by Te AhukaramÅ« Charles Royal, published 8 Feb 2005. All non-text content is subject to specific conditions. Surrounding Kupe's settlement were the traditional fishing grounds where Kupe and his tribe caught their fish. Simmons cites Shortland MS86, Hocken Library, Dunedin. (Simmons 1977). (a cloud! That is, a striking natural feature which is said to be Kupe's bailer turned to stone. Kupe set out in his canoe to kill the octopus, and such was the length of the pursuit that it brought him to New Zealand. Except in later versions which are somewhat suspect as to their authenticity, the accounts do not include the episode in which Kupe chases the octopus from Hawaiki (Simmons 1976:27). Kupe’s pursuit of the wheke carried him along the rocky coastline of Wairarapa. The names of the nine others translate as echoing cliff, birds, spirit folk, insects, lizards and reptiles. The story of Tuhirangi, otherwise known as Pelorus Jack Tuhirangi was the taniwha who guided Kupe's ship from Hawaiki, the ancestral home of the Māori people. Learn more about some of the many stories and place names related to Kupe in Aotearoa New … The rocky reef is known as Te Kawau-a-Toru. Kupe and his great-great-great-grandchild appear to be contemporaries in this legend. In the Northland traditions, Kupe is a discoverer and contemporary with, but older than, Nukutawhiti, the ancestor of the Ngā Puhi people. Footprints of Kupe. 1. Kupe - The Great Navigator The stories of great Polynesian navigator Kupe and his epic ocean journey have been handed down over time in the oral traditions of Māori, the indigeous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. In an account narrated by a man named Te Whetu of Te Āti Awa to the ethnographer Elsdon Best, Kupe travels down the west coast from the Auckland region to Taranaki, and then to the Cook Strait region. Simmons tentatively assigns this tradition to the Whanganui area and cites Grey New Zealand Māori Manuscript 102:35. It is thought that Kupe made landfall at the Hokianga Harbour in Northland, around 1000 years ago. The orthodox version also places Kupe hundreds of years before the arrival of the other founding canoes, whereas in the earlier traditions, Kupe is most definitely contemporary with those canoes (Simmons 1976). Early accounts from the Ngāti Kahungunu area consistently place Kupe on board the Tākitimu canoe or name as his companions people who are strongly associated with the Tākitimu. They also contain no references to the octopus of Muturangi, nor of the chase from Hawaiki (Simmons 1976:20). Kupe was a great chief of Hawaiki (Tahiti), whose father was from Rarotonga, and whose mother was from Rangiatea (Ra‘iatea), where her father lived. White records a legend in which the Rangitāne chief Te Hau has his cultivations at Te Karaka ruined by Kupe who pours salt over them. Kupe then called it home for 40 years. According to Te Tai Tokerau tradition, Kupe, the legendary Polynesian navigator and explorer, settled in Hokianga in approximately 925 AD, after his journey of discovery from Hawaiiki aboard the waka (canoe) named Matahorua. Now the above story explains why Kupe, Ngake, and their companions crossed the wide ocean and discovered this country of Aotea-roa. David Simmons said "A search for the sources of what I now call 'The Great New Zealand Myth' of Kupe, Toi and the Fleet, had surprising results. Manea Footprints of Kupe tells the story of Polynesian explorer Kupe, who discovered Aotearoa more than 1,000 years ago. A version showing some influence from printed sources was collected before 1907 from Wirihana Aoterangi of the Ngāti Tahinga tribe of Raglan (Simmons 1976:22–23). He left several things behind, including his canoe bailer, Simmons had access to a privately held manuscript from the Hokianga area, In a manuscript written by Hami Ropiha in 1862 (Simmons 1976:19–20), Tamatea came on the. Traditions about Kupe appear among the peoples of the following areas: Northland, Ngāti Kahungunu, Tainui, Whanganui-Taranaki, Rangitāne, and the South Island. The date of first settlement is a matter of debate, but current understanding is that the first arrivals came from East Polynesia in the late 13th century. This version contains episodes which appear to have been borrowed from literary sources, including associations with Toto, Rongorongo, Kuramarotini, Turi, and Hoturapa. Photograph of Stephenson Percy Smith by kind permission of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand, reference number 1/2-004600-F. Simmons cites Catherin Servant, ‘Notice sur les Maoris de la Nouvelle Zélande’, 1842. Our ancestor Kupe’s arrival in Aotearoa, New Zealand marked the beginning of our nation’s human story. Among these is the story of Kupe, who had eloped with Kuramarotini, the wife of Hoturapa, the owner of the great canoe Matahourua, whom Kupe had murdered. When they arrived they had more children - Māui-mua, Māui-taha, and. One day Kupe’s fishermen went out … ISSN 2041-1723. When Kupe finally returned to his homeland his people asked him why he did not call the newly discovered country after his fatherland. A 20-minute live theatre performance and 4D movie brings to life Kupe's epic journey, his unique connection to Hokianga, and the dramatic return voyages of his progenies. However, according to Simmons, this episode is not in Piri Kawau’s manuscript, and Grey’s source for it remains to be discovered. Kupe came and visited every part of this island. Simmons cites R. Taylor, ‘notes on New Zealand and its native inhabitants’, No. According to some tribal narratives, Kupe was the first Polynesian to discover the islands of New Zealand. Returning to Hawaiki, Kupe told of his adventures and convinced others to migrate with him (Craig 1989:127; see also External links below). Kupe’s story is one based on over 1,000 years of local Māori history and is the story of the human habitation. Although there are many tales of navigators, is Kupe who is credited with discovering the Land of the Long White Cloud. This is a brief version of the story of Kupe and a full version can be read Vol. These were the three islands over which Kupe’s mana (power) extended. Servant was stationed at Hokianga from 1838 to 1839 and then at Kororāreka (Russell) until 1842. PMID 25378020. Similarly, the story of Toi and Whatonga and the canoe race leading to settlement in New Zealand could not be authenticated except from the one man who gave it to Percy Smith. In one tradition Tamatea of the Tākitimu canoe, having been deserted by his three wives, sails around New Zealand looking for them, and shares with Kupe the honour of naming parts of the land. According to Māori, the first explorer to reach New Zealand was Kupe. In an account narrated by a man named Te Whetu of Te Āti Awa to the ethnographer Elsdon Best, Kupe travels down the west coast from the Auckland region to Taranaki, and then to the Cook Strait region. A tradition written by Te Hukahuka on 25 October 1847 states that Kupe found no people on this island when he came. During their subsequent journeys, they overcame numerous monsters and sea demons, including the great octopus named as Te Wheke-a-Muturangi, and discovered New Zealand. of Kupe to accomplish this undertaking! Explore Meretoto, Ship Cove and see the pou which tells the story of Kupe the legendary Māori navigator and his battle with a giant wheke, octopus. The stories given by Smith were a mixture of differing tribal tradition. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5436H. Who was Kupe? The Kupe theatre. Stack, 'Remarks on Mr McKenzies Cameron's Theory respecting Kahui Tipua', "An extremely low-density human population exterminated New Zealand moa", www.art-newzealand.com/Issues1to40/myth.htm, pvs-hawaii.com/stories/kupe.htm (the orthodox version), "Te Haerenga Mai O Kupe I Hawaiki: The Coming of Kupe From Hawaiki To New Zealand", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kupe&oldid=1005832471, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from February 2016, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from February 2016, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. His adventures took place predominantly in the south Wairarapa, Cook Strait and Northland regions. The name Te Hokianga a Kupe translates ‘Kupe Return’. In this form they did not exist in the old manuscripts nor in the whaikorero[3] of learned men. Simmons cites John White, MS 119, 'Miscellaneous material in Maori'. © Crown Copyright. It is thought to have been brought by waka-hourua (double hulled ship) by Kupe and was renamed Te Huka-a-Tai. J. Hamlin, ‘On the Mythology of New Zealanders’. But this is merely a myth, and the story of the Kupe myth and how it came to occupy a prominence in the … According to legend, Kupe is the mythical navigator who sailed from Hawaiki to a new and undiscovered island, thus establishing the Maori people in New Zealand. Bits and pieces there were. 41-68. Gathering Storm, the second expansion pack to Sid Meier's Civilization VI, features Kupe as the leader of the Māori civilization. Kupe was the discoverer of Aotearoa (New Zealand) and Hokianga is the cradle of Māori nationhood. A carved pou (marker post) at Karaka Point, near Picton, depicts the story of how Maori navigator Kupe overcame a giant octopus, Te Wheke-o-Muturangi. Manea is a unique cultural encounter, journeying into te ao Māori, the Māori world. He returned and met Turi, and told him that all he had seen was 'a flock of spirits' (apu aparoa), and two birds: a fantail and a. Stories of Kupe are also held in the north. How great was the mana (power, ability, prestige, etc.) In the "orthodox" version, Kupe was a great chief of Hawaiki who arrived in New Zealand in 925 AD. Kupe's travels around Aotearoa The great battle between Kupe, his warriors, and the giant wheke (octopus) of Muturangi took place at the top of the South Island. In a South Manukau tradition dated to 1842 (Simmons 1976:20–21). Using the stars and ocean currents as his navigational guides, he ventured across the Pacific on his waka hourua (voyaging canoe) from his ancestral Polynesian homeland of Hawaiki.

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